Clinically, thoracic osteochondrosis (chondrosis) is manifested by sharp, stabbing or dull pain, clicking and clicking sounds when bending, and stiffness.
The pathology is characterized by numerous specific symptoms - a feeling of shortness of breath when inhaling, discomfort in the heart region and even a sore throat.
Treatment of the pathology is predominantly conservative with pharmacological medications.Physiotherapeutic procedures and massage sessions are also carried out and assistance is sought from chiropractors.
If such treatment is ineffective, the patient is indicated for surgical intervention.
Details about symptoms
Symptoms of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine never appear all at once.At the initial stage of development of this degenerative-dystrophic pathology, only slight discomfort in the back is observed.Patients consider them to be banal overwork after a hard day's work and consider them to be “stiff” muscles from being in the same position for a long time.
But the intensity of discomfort is slowly and steadily increasing.Unpleasant sensations are replaced by severe pain, complicated by limited range of movements, dizziness and headaches.In medicine, all symptoms of osteochondrosis of this localization are divided into several groups.This helps to diagnose it faster and decide on treatment tactics.
Observation!Symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis in men and women do not differ in nature, severity or location.But in representatives of the stronger sex they can occur a little later due to a stronger musculoskeletal system.Additionally, some men experience erectile dysfunction due to osteochondrosis.
Vertebral symptoms
Under the influence of adverse factors (hypothermia, increased physical activity), prolonged remission of thoracic osteochondrosis can be interrupted by a sudden attack of acute pain.Even more often, it is triggered by prolonged stay in a body position, for example, sitting.If a person stands up suddenly, such sharp pain occurs in the back that he loses the ability to move for several minutes.
In medicine, this condition is called dorsago.It differs from common pain in the symptoms that accompany it:
- feeling of shortness of breath when inhaling;
- pronounced stiffness.
The course of the pathology is often complicated by dorsalgia - pain in the thoracic spine, the intensity of which gradually increases.It intensifies when bending or turning the body to the sides.In order not to feel pain, the person assumes a forced position.At the same time, he involuntarily strains his back muscles, involuntarily provoking their excessive tension.Now they are also starting to hurt, especially when walking.
Extravertebral symptoms
As thoracic osteochondrosis develops, the intervertebral discs become thinner and destroyed.These cartilage pads can no longer distribute the resulting loads and prevent the vertebrae from hitting each other.A compensatory response of the body is triggered - bone structures begin to deform with the formation of growths.They press on sensitive nerve endings and infringe on the spinal canal.Therefore, specific symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis occur in women and men: loss of sensitivity in certain areas of the body, a burning sensation and crawling “goosebumps”.
Important!Thoracic osteochondrosis usually manifests as a dry, unproductive cough, sore throat, lump sensation and urinary disorders.
But that's not all.Spinal roots are responsible not only for the innervation (transmission of nerve impulses) of the spine, but also of internal organs.Therefore, when they are pinched, discomfort occurs in the liver, kidneys, digestive tract and myocardium.What signs of thoracic osteochondrosis that are not characteristic of back pathologies are:
- pain in the cardiac region, identical to the recurrence of angina, shortness of breath, feeling of “compression” of the heart;
- panic attacks, psycho-emotional instability, causeless fear, anxiety, sleep disturbances;
- discomfort in the epigastric region, bouts of nausea, sometimes leading to vomiting, sour belching, bloating, boiling and rumbling;
- peristalsis disorders - constipation or diarrhea;
- long, labored breaths with hiccups.
The pain is not localized directly in the area of the destroyed intervertebral disc and (or) formed intervertebral hernia.They radiate along the nerve.Signs of osteochondrosis of the thoracic region can be disguised as renal colic, symptoms of gastritis, gastric ulcers, hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and even gastroenteritis.
Compressive myelopathy
This is the name of the extravertebral syndrome, which is rarely found in clinical practice.It is observed in stages 3-4 of the disease, when, due to loss of stability of the spinal segment, the nucleus pulposus protrudes beyond the fibrous ring.An intervertebral hernia forms, which constantly presses on the spinal cord.When visiting a vertebrologist or neurologist, patients complain of frequent pain in the waist that radiates to the groin area.At the same time, there are feelings of weakness and numbness in the lower extremities.
Against the background of infringement of the spinal cord, innervation is severely disturbed.In the absence of treatment, the functional activity of organs located in the pelvis decreases.Compression myelopathy causes problems with bowel movements.And due to the pronounced narrowing of the diameter of the spinal canal, the sensitivity of the legs is greatly reduced.In severe cases, patients are diagnosed with paresis (partial or complete paralysis) of one or both lower extremities.
Remission symptoms
Outside of relapses, thoracic osteochondrosis hardly bothers a person.Occasionally, a dull, dull, dull pain in the back occurs, which usually disappears after a long rest.But as soon as you slightly increase the load on the spine, lift a heavy object or bend over, another relapse follows.It can also be triggered by the following factors:
- stressful situations, depressive states;
- hypothermia, sudden changes in temperature;
- remain in the same body position for a long time;
- alcohol abuse;
- unbalanced diet, lack of foods rich in calcium, phosphorus, manganese, molybdenum in the diet.
Sometimes the remission stage ends due to a person's attempts to avoid another relapse.He visits a chiropractor or massage therapist with a dubious reputation or little practical experience.An attempt to lengthen the spine leads to another exacerbation.
Basic treatment methods
It is not yet possible to completely cure the pathology, so all the doctors' efforts are aimed at improving the patient's well-being.Patients are recommended to use orthopedic products (corsets, bandages), which fix the vertebral structures and prevent their displacement.Medicines from different clinical and pharmacological groups are prescribed, physiotherapeutic measures and exercise therapy are carried out.
The chiropractor's hand movements are aimed at increasing the spaces between the vertebrae, which decrease with thoracic osteochondrosis.
Important!In highly severe thoracic osteochondrosis, conservative treatment is useless.Patients immediately receive surgical intervention - excision of an intervertebral hernia, arthrodesis, installation of implants in place of the damaged disc, bone grafting.
Drug therapy
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine aims to eliminate all symptoms and inhibit destructive and degenerative processes.During periods of exacerbation, solutions for parenteral administration are used, which show effects after 5 to 10 minutes.Then the result is guaranteed by a series of tablets, application of ointments and gels.In the remission phase, mainly external agents are used, which have a milder effect on the body.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
This is the group of drugs most used in the complex treatment of thoracic osteochondrosis.Its active ingredients block the biosynthesis of pain, inflammation and fever mediators from arachidonic acids.Even after a single use of NSAIDs, a person's well-being improves significantly:
- pain intensity decreases;
- the unpleasant crunching noise that occurs when turning and bending the body disappears;
- inflammatory processes in soft tissues weaken, swelling disappears;
- the range of movements in the thoracic region increases.
To stop relapses, solutions for intramuscular administration are used.Medicines in capsules or tablets combat moderate pain.And ointments and gels quickly eliminate slight discomfort.
Preparations with B vitamins
Innervation disorders are well treated with medications containing B vitamins. They improve the transmission of nerve impulses to the central and peripheral nervous systems and stimulate the restoration of damaged spinal roots.The composition of the products includes thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin.
In the first week of therapy, intramuscular injection of medications is performed, which, in addition to vitamins, contains lidocaine, which instantly eliminates pain.And then patients are advised to take pills for a month.
Glucocorticosteroids
The use of these synthetic analogues of hormones produced by the adrenal glands is practiced when safer means are ineffective.Glucocorticosteroids are prescribed to patients for acute, stabbing back pain radiating to internal organs.Medications can also be taken orally, but much more often they are administered parenterally, including to the sites of damaged discs.
Glucocorticosteroids are characterized by a wide list of contraindications and potential side effects.Long-term treatment of chondrosis of the thoracic spine with hormones causes damage to the tissues of the liver, kidneys and stomach.Therefore, its use is prohibited for patients with cirrhosis, peptic ulcers, kidney failure and osteoporosis.
Muscle relaxants
Back pain is often explained by increased tone of skeletal muscles.To relax it, muscle relaxants are used - first in the form of solutions for parenteral administration, and then in tablets.Medications relieve muscle spasms that cause spinal root compression.Which muscle relaxants are most effective:
- blockade of polysynaptic reflexes;
- relax spasmodic muscles;
- reducing the release of prostaglandins.
Medications are rarely used as monotherapy.Treatment of thoracic chondrosis is carried out with muscle relaxants in combination with glucocorticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Their significant disadvantage is that addiction develops quickly, so it is forbidden to use them for more than a week.
Chondroprotectors
Unlike drugs that eliminate the symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis, these drugs are also used for pathogenetic therapy.This is the only group of drugs that can increase the production of chondrocytes necessary for the partial restoration of cartilaginous intervertebral discs.All therapeutic effects of chondroprotectors are due to the high content of glucosamine and (or) chondroitin.
But chondroprotectors are not only valued for their ability to restore discs.Its components shine in the area of the damaged spinal segment.After 2-3 weeks, the maximum therapeutic concentration of glucosamine and chondroitin is created.Now drugs are beginning to exhibit pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous activity.
Recommendation!It is advisable to treat osteochondrosis with chondroprotectors in the form of injectable solutions or tablets.Despite all the manufacturers' assurances about the effectiveness of ointments and creams, they have failed to provide evidence of their therapeutic effectiveness.
Non-drug treatment
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the thoracic region with pharmacological medications should be combined with regular physical exercise.Exercise therapy is the most effective method of therapy to prevent disability.Thanks to daily training, the muscular structure of the back and the ligamentous-tendinous apparatus of the thoracic region are strengthened and the production of synovial fluid that nourishes the vertebral structures is improved.The set of exercises is determined by the physiotherapist after studying the results of radiographic diagnosis.He is present in the first classes and monitors the dosage of loads.
Manual therapy for osteochondrosis is also practiced, which aims to increase the spaces between the discs and vertebrae.Dry or underwater traction (extension) of the spine is performed and, at home, hanging from a bar.The effectiveness of manual therapy increases with simultaneous physical procedures:
- electrophoresis;
- laser therapy;
- magnetic therapy;
- ultraviolet irradiation;
- diadynamic currents.
Patients receive 10 to 15 sessions of classical, vacuum, Scandinavian and acupressure massage.Hirudotherapy, acupuncture and sanatorium treatment with radon and hydrogen sulfide baths are also useful.
Only with the help of an integrated approach to the treatment of thoracic osteochondrosis is it possible to eliminate further damage to the discs and deformations of the vertebrae.Following the doctor's recommendations helps to eliminate all symptoms of chronic pathology as quickly as possible.